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Carbon Steels

29 Materials

Unalloyed steels with carbon as primary alloying element (C10, C22, C45, C60, S235, S355)

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28Mn6 (Cold Heading / Bolt Steel)
Cold Heading Steel
28Mn6 -- high-Mn cold heading steel. Rm 590-740 MPa drawn. For cold-headed bolts, rivets and fasteners where higher stre…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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C10
Low Carbon Steel
Low carbon case-hardening steel. Soft core, hard surface HRC 58-64 after carburising. For small gears, pins and bushings…
Tensile
310–420 MPa
Hardness
80–120 HB
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C10E (Case-Hardening)
Low Carbon Steel
C10E — fine-grained case-hardening steel with controlled S for improved machinability. For small precision gears, pins a…
Tensile
300–420 MPa
Hardness
88–125 HB
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C15 (Low-Carbon Case Hardening Grade)
Low Carbon Steel
C15 -- plain low-carbon case-hardening steel without alloying. Rm 350-500 MPa core. For lightly loaded pins, bushings an…
Tensile
350–500 MPa
Hardness
110–160 HB
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C15E
Low Carbon Case-Hardening Steel
C15E — fine-grain low carbon steel for carburising. Achieves HRC 60-64 case with very tough core. For small gears, pins,…
Tensile
330–500 MPa
Hardness
95–135 HB
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C22
Low-Medium Carbon Steel
Low-medium carbon steel for general engineering and welded structures requiring moderate strength.…
Tensile
380–500 MPa
Hardness
110–150 HB
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C25 (Medium-Low Carbon Machine Steel)
Carbon Steel
C25 -- unalloyed machine steel between C20 and C35. Rm 470-620 MPa normalized. For lightly-loaded shafts, bolts and mach…
Tensile
470–620 MPa
Hardness
135–190 HB
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C30 (Low-Medium Carbon)
Medium Carbon Steel
C30 — low-medium carbon steel. Better weldability than C35/C40 with moderate strength. For welded structural frames, car…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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C35
Medium Carbon Steel
Medium carbon steel between C22 and C45. Moderate strength, good machinability. For axles, couplings, bolts and general …
Tensile
550–700 MPa
Hardness
155–207 HB
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C40 (Medium Carbon)
Medium Carbon Steel
C40 — medium carbon steel, midpoint between C35 and C45. Good balance of strength and machinability. For shafts, axles, …
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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C45
Medium Carbon Steel
Unalloyed medium carbon steel — most widely used engineering steel. Q+T achieves 700-900 MPa. For shafts, gears, axles a…
Tensile
620–780 MPa
Hardness
174–212 HB
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C50 (Medium-High Carbon)
Medium-High Carbon Steel
C50 — medium-high carbon unalloyed steel between C45 and C55. Q+T to 800-1000 MPa. For crankshafts, camshafts, heavy fla…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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C55
High-Carbon Unalloyed Steel
C55 — high carbon structural steel between C45 and C60. Q+T gives Rm 750-900 MPa. For crankshafts, cams, high-strength b…
Tensile
650–800 MPa
Hardness
185–240 HB
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C60
High Carbon Steel
High carbon steel for springs, rails, cutting edges and wear-resistant parts. Oil quench — NEVER water quench.…
Tensile
710–860 MPa
Hardness
205–255 HB
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C67 (High-Carbon Spring/Blade Steel)
High Carbon Steel
C67 -- high-carbon steel 0.65-0.72% C. Rm 800-1000 MPa normalized. For knife blanks, springs and tools where hardness is…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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C75 (High Carbon Spring Steel)
High Carbon Steel
C75 — high carbon unalloyed steel for flat springs, saw blades and agricultural cutting edges.…
Tensile
750–950 MPa
Hardness
220–270 HB
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C80W1 (Tool / Spring)
High Carbon Spring/Tool Steel
C80 / C80W1 — highest-carbon unalloyed steel. Water-hardening (W1). For hand tools, chisels, saw blades and flat springs…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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E295 (Machine Structural Steel)
Machine Structural Steel
E295 — unalloyed machine structural steel. Rm 460-580 MPa as rolled. For shafts, axles, bolts and general engineering co…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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E355 (Seamless Tube Steel)
Structural Steel for Tubes
E355 — high-strength seamless tube steel per EN 10210/10216. Rm 490-630 MPa. For structural hollow sections, hydraulic c…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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E360 (Highest Unalloyed Machine Steel)
Machine Structural Steel
E360 -- highest-strength standard unalloyed machine structural steel. Rm 690-900 MPa. For shafts, axles and heavy machin…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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GP240GH+N (Pressure Equipment Steel Casting)
Steel Casting
GP240GH+N -- normalised steel casting for pressure equipment. Rm 450-600 MPa. For steam valve bodies, pump casings and p…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S235JR
Structural Steel
General purpose structural steel 235 MPa yield, impact tested at 20 C. Most widely used structural grade in Europe.…
Tensile
360–510 MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S275JR (Basic Structural Steel)
Structural Steel
S275JR -- the basic, most economical structural steel between S235 and S355. Re>=275 MPa, room-temperature impact only. …
Tensile
410–560 MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S275N (Fine-Grain Structural)
Fine-Grain Structural Steel
S275N -- normalized fine-grain structural steel. Re>=275 MPa, improved toughness vs S275JR. For bridges, lifted structur…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S355J2
High-Strength Structural Steel
High-strength structural steel 355 MPa yield, impact tested at -20 C. Standard for heavily loaded welded structures.…
Tensile
470–630 MPa
Hardness
140–190 HB
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S420N (HSLA Structural)
High-Strength Structural Steel
S420N — fine-grain normalised HSLA steel, 420 MPa yield. For heavy-lift cranes, offshore jackets and wind tower structur…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S460N
High-Strength Structural Steel
S460N — normalised fine-grain structural steel 460 MPa yield. For crane booms, bridges and offshore jackets requiring hi…
Tensile
550–720 MPa
Hardness
— HB
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S550MC (High-Strength TMCP)
High Strength TMCP Steel
S550MC -- TMCP hot-rolled high-strength structural steel. Re>=550 MPa, excellent cold formability. For heavy equipment f…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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X120Mn12 (Hadfield Manganese Steel)
Austenitic Manganese Steel
Hadfield Mn steel -- X120Mn12. Work-hardening: 200 HBW as-cast to 550 HBW under impact. For rock crusher jaw plates, rai…
Tensile
— MPa
Hardness
— HB
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